For Family

Helping a Parent Decide About Hip or Knee Replacement

A guide for the adult son or daughter doing the research: how to raise the subject, whether age rules a parent out, what the first appointment settles, and what help they will actually need at home.

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Best Practical Answer

If you are researching hip or knee replacement for a parent, you are not deciding for them and you do not need to. The useful thing you can do is help them get a real answer from someone who does this every day. Most people who reach this point have known for years that the joint is worn out; what stops them is the operation itself, not the diagnosis. A consultation exists to tell them whether surgery is the right next step, what the alternatives still are, and what recovery would actually involve.

Original TJS Patient Journey Table

Milestones to track and discuss

This table is an original TJS patient education tool. Use it to organize questions for helping a parent decide about hip or knee replacement; your surgeon's instructions should always control.

Journey stageWhat to trackWhat a good plan clarifies
Before surgeryConfirm diagnosis, medications, home setup, support person, transportationPatient can explain the plan and knows who to call
Surgery dayArrival time, anesthesia plan, mobility check, discharge criteriaDischarge is based on safety, not the clock
First 2 weeksWalking quality, swelling, pain control, wound status, therapy instructionsRecovery is trending forward without warning signs
Weeks 3 to 6Driving/work questions, gait, stairs, range of motion, enduranceActivity increases without major next-day setbacks
Safety decision path:
  1. Is the symptom expected for this stage, or is it worsening?
  2. Does it affect walking, breathing, wound safety, pain control, or the ability to follow instructions?
  3. Use the discharge instructions to decide: continue the plan, call the care team, or seek urgent care.

You are not talking them into surgery

It helps to be clear with yourself about the job. You are not persuading a parent to have an operation. You are helping them replace a vague dread with specific information, so that whatever they decide, they decide it knowingly. Plenty of people leave a consultation choosing to wait, and that is a legitimate outcome of a good visit. The thing worth pushing against is not their hesitation. It is the years of not asking.

How to raise it without it becoming an argument

Most of these conversations go wrong the same way: the adult child leads with the solution. Lead with what you have noticed instead, and be specific rather than general. "You stopped walking the dog in March" lands differently from "you're getting worse." Ask what they have already been told, because many patients have been carrying an X-ray result and a surgeon's name for years without acting on it. Then ask if they would be willing to get one opinion, framed as information rather than commitment. Offer to handle the logistics and to come with them. The offer to sit in the room is often what actually unlocks it.

Is my parent too old for this?

Age by itself is rarely what decides this. What matters more is overall health, heart and lung condition, diabetes control, medications, mobility before the problem started, home support, and what the person wants to get back to. A healthy 82-year-old who has stopped leaving the house may have more to gain than a 61-year-old who is still working and walking. The honest version is that some patients are not good candidates, and the reasons are usually medical risk factors, not the year on their birth certificate. That determination is made by a surgeon after an examination, not by a website, and it is a normal thing to ask about directly at the visit.

What the first appointment is for

Bring the imaging if you have it, or the name of the place that took it, along with a current medication list, other health conditions, prior surgeries, and the name of their primary care doctor. The visit should cover what is actually wrong with the joint, what has already been tried, whether nonsurgical options remain reasonable, whether surgery is being recommended and why, and what recovery would look like for this particular person. Come prepared for that conversation to reach a conclusion, and ask directly what the next step is before you leave the room.

What you are actually signing up for

This is the part families underestimate, and it is worth knowing before rather than after. Someone needs to drive them and, for same-day surgery, a responsible adult usually needs to be with them at home at first. The early period is when the practical help matters most: getting to the bathroom, stairs, meals, medications on schedule, and getting to therapy appointments. Ask specifically how long someone should plan to stay, because the answer depends on the procedure, the home, and the person, and it is much easier to arrange time off before the date is set than after.

Worth asking in the room

Is surgery being recommended now, or is it reasonable to wait? What happens to the joint if we wait a year? What are the risks specific to this patient's health, not in general? Is this a candidate for same-day discharge, and if not, why not? What does the first two weeks realistically look like? Who do we call after hours, and what symptoms mean call immediately? Writing the answers down matters more than you would expect, because two people remember the same appointment differently.

If they say no

Ask them to agree on what would change their mind, and be concrete about it: a fall, giving up the stairs, not sleeping through the night, stopping something they care about. That way the decision stays open rather than closed, and revisiting it later is a previously agreed step rather than you starting the argument again. Keep the imaging and the notes. If things do change, having them means starting from where you left off instead of from the beginning.

How to Use This Page

Bring it into the conversation.

This guide is meant to make the appointment more useful. Patients can use it to write down questions, compare their current symptoms with the usual decision points, and identify what they do not yet understand. The most useful version of the conversation is specific: what joint hurts, what activities are limited, what has already been tried, what support exists at home, and what outcome would actually feel meaningful.

What TJS Should Confirm

Individual details still decide the plan.

Total Joint Specialists should confirm the diagnosis, procedure fit, medical risk, location, surgery-center plan, discharge instructions, therapy plan, and follow-up schedule for the individual patient. Online guidance can explain the pathway, but it cannot clear someone for surgery, guarantee same-day discharge, diagnose a complication, or replace instructions from the surgeon, anesthesia team, physical therapist, or discharge nurse.

Practical Checklist

Details to clarify before relying on a plan

Write these down before the visit or before discharge, because the safest instructions are the ones the patient and support person can repeat back clearly.

  • Which hip or knee problem is being treated, and what evidence supports that diagnosis?
  • Which procedure or nonsurgical option is being considered, and what alternatives remain reasonable?
  • Which office, surgery center, surgeon, anesthesia plan, and follow-up pathway apply to this patient?
  • Which symptoms should trigger a call, an urgent visit, or emergency care after surgery?
  • Which medication, therapy, wound care, driving, work, and activity instructions override general online education?
Common Questions

Patient journey FAQ

Is my parent too old for a hip or knee replacement?

Age alone is rarely the deciding factor. Overall health, heart and lung condition, diabetes control, medications, mobility, home support, and personal goals matter more than age. Some patients are not good candidates, usually for medical risk reasons. That assessment is made by a surgeon after an examination, and it is a reasonable question to ask directly at the consultation.

How do I bring up joint replacement without making my parent defensive?

Lead with a specific change you have noticed rather than a general judgment about their decline, ask what they have already been told about the joint, and frame a consultation as getting information rather than committing to surgery. Offering to handle scheduling and to attend the appointment is often what makes the difference.

Can I go into the appointment with my parent?

Yes, with the patient's permission. Many patients bring an adult child, and a second person is genuinely useful for remembering what was said and asking follow-up questions. Tell the office when scheduling.

What should we bring to the first joint replacement appointment?

Any imaging of the joint or the name of the facility that performed it, a current medication list, other medical conditions, prior surgeries, the primary care doctor's name, insurance information, and a written list of questions. Note which specific activities the pain has taken away, since that shapes the recommendation.

How much help will my parent need at home afterward?

It depends on the procedure, the home, and the patient, so ask for a specific answer at the consultation. Plan on transportation, and for same-day discharge a responsible adult with them at home at first. Early help usually means bathroom and stair safety, meals, medication timing, and getting to therapy appointments.

What if my parent does not want surgery?

That is a legitimate outcome of a good consultation, and waiting is sometimes the right medical answer. Ask what would change their mind and agree on it specifically, so the decision can be revisited as a planned step rather than a new argument. Keep the imaging and visit notes.

Sources

Source support

This page is grounded in orthopedic society and academic medical-center patient education. It should be interpreted through your surgeon's instructions and discharge paperwork.

Medical Review

Reviewed for patient education.

This page was reviewed by Charles A. DeCook, MD on August 13, 2026. It is reviewed at least annually and whenever major clinical guidance, source references, or practice facts change.

The content is educational and is not a substitute for diagnosis, surgical clearance, discharge instructions, or emergency care. See the editorial policy.

Urgent symptoms: Follow your discharge instructions and seek urgent care for severe or life-threatening symptoms.

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